What is the legal term used for a wrong done to a person or their property?

The legal term for a wrong done to a person or their property is "tort." A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to an individual, leading to legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act. Torts can encompass a broad range of actions, including intentional acts like assault, negligent acts such as causing a car accident, or strict liability cases where harm results regardless of intent or negligence.

This term contrasts with other legal concepts such as a civil suit, which refers to a lawsuit brought to resolve a dispute, rather than defining the wrongful act itself. Contractual breach pertains specifically to the violation of terms in a contract, and negligence is a specific type of tort where harm results from a failure to exercise reasonable care. Thus, "tort" specifically encapsulates the broader category of wrongs affecting individuals and their property.